In treating, a common approach is a foliar spray and a systemic imidacloprid. Yellow sticky traps are generally placed on a quarter-mile grid in the citrus groves. The effort is to slow both the natural spread and the artificial spread, the latter often caused by moving on citrus or nursery plants. The PD Control Program is a cooperative effort by USDA, the California Department of Food and Agriculture, the University of California, the affected counties, industry groups, growers, and the public that gets about $15.5 million each year for surveying, containing, public outreach, research, biological control, area-wide programs, as well as rapid response in urban areas. “We’re really targeting citrus (for suppression), even though it’s a grape pest, because citrus is its favorite overwintering host.”
“We’re not going to eradicate GWSS it’s about suppression,” she says. And because it’s green in the winter, that is the crop the Pierce’s Disease Control Program is targeting for its suppression program, says Stone-Smith. TARGETING CITRUSĪs noted above, one of glassy-winged sharpshooter’s favorite hosts is citrus. The nymphs emerging from these egg masses typically develop into overwintering adults. Egg laying for the second generation occurs between mid-June and October. In the summer, first-generation adults begin to appear in May through July. These overwintering adults begin laying eggs in February but lay most of their eggs in late March and April.Įggs hatch in 10 to 14 days, and the nymphs feed on the leaf petioles or young succulent stems while they progress through five immature stages. The pest overwinters as an adult, feeding on citrus and other non-deciduous plants, moving to deciduous plants in January and February when adults feed on the sap from the leafless twigs before returning to the non-deciduous plants during cooler evening hours. It’s also aggressive, actually feeding on the grapevine’s wood. It’s also active in winter and is particularly a menace in Southern California and the Southern San Joaquin Valley because there it has at least two generations per year - and has even had three - substantially increasing the threat of PD spreading there. It’s also an impressive flier, having the ability to soar a quarter mile or more without stopping, making it a highly mobile threat. GWSS adults are large compared to other leafhoppers, about one-half inch long. As Stone-Smith puts it: “What isn’t a host?” It can live in many habitats, including agricultural crops, urban landscapes, native woodland, and riparian vegetation. GWSS was inadvertently introduced to Southern California in the late 1980s or early 1990s, likely arriving in an egg mass on agricultural or ornamental plant foliage from its native habitat is in the Southeastern U.S. The experience was so jarring that it led to an overwhelming number of the state’s growers voting in favor of taxing themselves to fund research on PD, other pests, and diseases that threaten California’s wine grape industry. PD wiped out nearly 60% of the vineyards in Temecula in just two years and threatened to do the same to vineyards across California.
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