These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation. In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and thus constitute primary divisions of their states. The latter are delineated cooperatively for statistical purposes by the State of Alaska and the Census Bureau. In Alaska, which has no counties, the equivalent entities are the organized boroughs, city and boroughs, municipalities, and for the unorganized area, census areas. In Louisiana, these divisions are known as parishes. The primary legal divisions of most states are termed counties. Some geographies are available as nation-based files while others are available only as state-based files. Geographic areas may not align with the same areas from another year. When possible, generalization is performed with the intent to maintain the hierarchical relationships among geographies and to maintain the alignment of geographies within a file set for a given year. These boundary files are specifically designed for small-scale thematic mapping. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). Online Linkage: Description: Abstract: The 2016 cartographic boundary shapefiles are simplified representations of selected geographic areas from the U.S. Identification Information: Citation: Citation Information: Title: 2016 Cartographic Boundary File, Current County and Equivalent for United States, 1:500,000 2016 Cartographic Boundary File, Current County and Equivalent for United States, 1:500,000 2016 Cartographic Boundary File, Current County and Equivalent for United States, 1:500,000
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